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JP Julien is a partner in McKinsey’s Philadelphia office and leader of the McKinsey Institute for Economic Mobility; Shelley Stewart III is a senior partner and chair of the McKinsey Institute for Economic Mobility and is based in the New York office, where Kelsey Muller is an associate partner; José María Quirós is a knowledge expert in the San Jose office; Kelemwork Cook is a fellow for the McKinsey Institute for Economic Mobility and is based in the Cleveland office; Nick Noel is a senior expert in the Washington, DC, office; and Sophia Autor is a capabilities and insights specialist in the Boston office.


This article was edited by Brian Blackstone, a senior editor in the New York office.

This interactive experience is a collaborative effort led by McKinsey Global Publishing, with contributions from Diane Rice, Janet Michaud, Mary Gayen, Matt Perry, Nayomi Chibana, Rachel Robinson, Stephen Landau, and Vicki Brown.

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